Precision Medicine for Kawasaki Disease
Main Article Content
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem inflammatory illness of infants and young children that could result in acute vasculitis. Death due to this systemic vasculitis syndrome most frequently results from thrombosed coronary artery aneurysms and coronary arteritis. Without treatment, 25% of children with KD develop coronary artery abnormalities. Current therapy for KD consists of intravenous immunoglobulin within the first 10 days of fever onset; this treatment reduces the prevalence of coronary artery abnormalities to 5%. Advances in genetic and proteomic analysis have sparked a worldwide effort to identify genes and potential biomarkers associated with KD. In this review, we highlight important research advances that have been made in the epidemiology, etiology, genetic polymorphisms, diagnosis, and therapy of KD.
Article Details
How to Cite
KO, Tai-Ming; CHEN, Yuan-Tsong; WU, Jer-Yuarn.
Precision Medicine for Kawasaki Disease.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 1, aug. 2015.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/282>. Date accessed: 19 apr. 2024.
Keywords
Kawasaki disease, intravenous immunoglobulin, coronary artery abnormalities, vasculitis, genome-wide association study
Section
Review Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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[25] Matsui M, Okuma Y, Yamanaka J, et al. Kawasaki disease refractory to standard treatments that responds to a combination of pulsed methylprednisolone and plasma exchange: Cytokine profiling and literature review. Cytokine. 2015.
[26] Ko TM, Kuo HC, Chang JS, et al. CXCL10/IP-10 is a biomarker and mediator for Kawasaki disease. Circulation research. 2015; 116(5):876-83.
[27] Choi IH, Chwae YJ, Shim WS, et al. Clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells in Kawasaki disease. Journal of immunology. 1997; 159(1):481-6.
[28] Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Spike BT, et al. Oligoclonal IgA response in the vascular wall in acute Kawasaki disease. Journal of immunology. 2001; 166(2):1334-43.
[29] Lee HH, Park IH, Shin JS, et al. Immunoglobulin V(H) chain gene analysis of peripheral blood IgM-producing B cells in patients with Kawasaki disease. Yonsei medical journal. 2009; 50(4):493-504.
[30] Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Garcia FL, et al. Cloning the arterial IgA antibody response during acute Kawasaki disease. Journal of immunology. 2005; 175(12):8386-91.
[31] Shulman ST, Rowley AH. Kawasaki disease: insights into pathogenesis and approaches to treatment. Nature reviews Rheumatology. 2015.
[32] Melish ME. Kawasaki syndrome: a new infectious disease? The Journal of infectious diseases. 1981; 143(3):317-24.
[33] Rowley AH. Finding the cause of Kawasaki disease: a pediatric infectious diseases research priority. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2006; 194(12):1635-7.
[34] Kuijpers TW, Wiegman A, van Lier RA, et al. Kawasaki disease: a maturational defect in immune responsiveness. The Journal of infectious diseases. 1999; 180(6):1869-77.
[35] Rowley AH. Kawasaki disease: novel insights into etiology and genetic susceptibility. Annual review of medicine. 2011; 62:69-77.
[36] Burns JC, Herzog L, Fabri O, et al. Seasonality of Kawasaki disease: a global perspective. PloS one. 2013; 8(9):e74529.
[37] Harnden A, Mayon-White R, Perera R, et al. Kawasaki disease in England: ethnicity, deprivation, and respiratory pathogens. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2009; 28(1):21-4.
[38] Rodo X, Ballester J, Cayan D, et al. Association of Kawasaki disease with tropospheric wind patterns. Scientific reports. 2011; 1:152.
[39] Onouchi Y, Gunji T, Burns JC, et al. ITPKC functional polymorphism associated with Kawasaki disease susceptibility and formation of coronary artery aneurysms. Nature genetics. 2008; 40(1):35-42.
[40] Onouchi Y, Tamari M, Takahashi A, et al. A genomewide linkage analysis of Kawasaki disease: evidence for linkage to chromosome 12. Journal of human genetics. 2007; 52(2):179-90.
[41] Holman RC, Curns AT, Belay ED, et al. Kawasaki syndrome in Hawaii. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2005; 24(5):429-33.
[42] Laupland KB, Dele Davies H. Epidemiology, etiology, and management of Kawasaki disease: state of the art. Pediatric cardiology. 1999; 20(3):177-83.
[43] Dean AG, Melish ME, Hicks R, et al. An epidemic of Kawasaki syndrome in Hawaii. The Journal of pediatrics. 1982; 100(4):552-7.
[44] Uehara R, Belay ED. Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in Asia, Europe, and the United States. Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association. 2012; 22(2):79-85.
[45] Uehara R, Yashiro M, Nakamura Y, et al. Kawasaki disease in parents and children. Acta Paediatr. 2003; 92(6):694-7.
[46] Fujita Y, Nakamura Y, Sakata K, et al. Kawasaki Disease in Families. Pediatrics. 1989; 84(4):666-9.
[47] Park YW, Han JW, Park IS, et al. Kawasaki disease in Korea, 2003-2005. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2007; 26(9):821-3.
[48] Burns JC, Glode MP. Kawasaki syndrome. Lancet. 2004; 364(9433):533-44.
[49] Onouchi Y. Molecular genetics of Kawasaki disease. Pediatric research. 2009; 65(5 Pt 2):46R-54R.
[50] Burgner D, Davila S, Breunis WB, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies novel and functionally related susceptibility Loci for Kawasaki disease. PLoS genetics. 2009; 5(1):e1000319.
[51] Tsai FJ, Lee YC, Chang JS, et al. Identification of novel susceptibility Loci for kawasaki disease in a Han chinese population by a genome-wide association study. PloS one. 2011; 6(2):e16853.
[52] Lee YC, Kuo HC, Chang JS, et al. Two new susceptibility loci for Kawasaki disease identified through genome-wide association analysis. Nature genetics. 2012; 44(5):522-5.
[53] Khor CC, Davila S, Breunis WB, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies FCGR2A as a susceptibility locus for Kawasaki disease. Nature genetics. 2011; 43(12):1241-6.
[54] Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Gerber MA, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Circulation. 2004; 110(17):2747-71.
[55] Mearns BM. Coronary artery disease: Consider Kawasaki disease when assessing myocardial ischemia. Nature reviews Cardiology. 2012; 9(7):375.
[56] Dahdah N, Siles A, Fournier A, et al. Natriuretic peptide as an adjunctive diagnostic test in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. Pediatric cardiology. 2009; 30(6):810-7.
[57] Chaiyarak K, Durongpisitkul K, Atta T, et al. Clinical manifestations of Kawasaki disease: what are the significant parameters? Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology / launched by the Allergy and Immunology Society of Thailand. 2009; 27(2-3):131-6.
[58] Ye Q, Shao WX, Shang SQ, et al. Value of the N-terminal of prohormone brain natriuretic peptide in diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. International journal of cardiology. 2015; 178:5-7.
[59] Kentsis A, Shulman A, Ahmed S, et al. Urine proteomics for discovery of improved diagnostic markers of Kawasaki disease. EMBO molecular medicine. 2013; 5(2):210-20.
[2] Kawasaki T. [Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children]. Arerugi = [Allergy]. 1967; 16(3):178-222.
[3] Huang WC, Huang LM, Chang IS, et al. Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in Taiwan, 2003-2006. Pediatrics. 2009; 123(3):e401-5.
[4] Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, Uehara R, et al. Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in Japan: results of the 2007-2008 nationwide survey. Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association. 2010; 20(4):302-7.
[5] Kim GB, Han JW, Park YW, et al. Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in South Korea: data from nationwide survey, 2009-2011. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2014; 33(1):24-7.
[6] Yanagawa H, Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, et al. Results of the nationwide epidemiologic survey of Kawasaki disease in 1995 and 1996 in Japan. Pediatrics. 1998; 102(6):E65.
[7] Yanagawa H, Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, et al. Incidence survey of Kawasaki disease in 1997 and 1998 in Japan. Pediatrics. 2001; 107(3):E33.
[8] Harnden A, Alves B, Sheikh A. Rising incidence of Kawasaki disease in England: analysis of hospital admission data. BMJ. 2002; 324(7351):1424-5.
[9] Holman RC, Curns AT, Belay ED, et al. Kawasaki syndrome hospitalizations in the United States, 1997 and 2000. Pediatrics. 2003; 112(3 Pt 1):495-501.
[10] Holman RC, Belay ED, Curns AT, et al. Kawasaki syndrome hospitalizations among children in the United States, 1988-1997. Pediatrics. 2003; 111(2):448.
[11] Park YW, Han JW, Hong YM, et al. Epidemiological features of Kawasaki disease in Korea, 2006-2008. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society. 2011; 53(1):36-9.
[12] Chang LY, Chang IS, Lu CY, et al. Epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease in Taiwan, 1996-2002. Pediatrics. 2004; 114(6):e678-82.
[13] Yamakawa R, Ishii M, Sugimura T, et al. Coronary endothelial dysfunction after Kawasaki disease: evaluation by intracoronary injection of acetylcholine. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1998; 31(5):1074-80.
[14] Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, Uehara R, et al. Increasing incidence of Kawasaki disease in Japan: nationwide survey. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society. 2008; 50(3):287-90.
[15] Suenaga T, Suzuki H, Shibuta S, et al. Detection of multiple superantigen genes in stools of patients with Kawasaki disease. The Journal of pediatrics. 2009; 155(2):266-70.
[16] De Inocencio J, Hirsch R. Evidence for superantigen mediated process in Kawasaki disease. Archives of disease in childhood. 1995; 73(3):275-6.
[17] Brown TJ, Crawford SE, Cornwall ML, et al. CD8 T lymphocytes and macrophages infiltrate coronary artery aneurysms in acute Kawasaki disease. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2001; 184(7):940-3.
[18] Rowley AH, Eckerley CA, Jack HM, et al. IgA plasma cells in vascular tissue of patients with Kawasaki syndrome. Journal of immunology. 1997; 159(12):5946-55.
[19] Reichardt P, Lehmann I, Sierig G, et al. Analysis of T-cell receptor V-beta 2 in peripheral blood lymphocytes as a diagnostic marker for Kawasaki disease. Infection. 2002; 30(6):360-4.
[20] Abe J, Kotzin BL, Jujo K, et al. Selective expansion of T cells expressing T-cell receptor variable regions V beta 2 and V beta 8 in Kawasaki disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1992; 89(9):4066-70.
[21] Rajagopalan G, Polich G, Sen MM, et al. Evaluating the role of HLA-DQ polymorphisms on immune response to bacterial superantigens using transgenic mice. Tissue antigens. 2008; 71(2):135-45.
[22] Wakiguchi H, Hasegawa S, Suzuki Y, et al. Relationship between T-cell HLA-DR expression and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment response in Kawasaki disease. Pediatric research. 2015; 77(4):536-40.
[23] Onouchi Y, Ozaki K, Burns JC, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies three new risk loci for Kawasaki disease. Nature genetics. 2012; 44(5):517-21.
[24] Wang Y, Wang W, Gong F, et al. Evaluation of intravenous immunoglobulin resistance and coronary artery lesions in relation to Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in patients with Kawasaki disease. Arthritis and rheumatism. 2013; 65(3):805-14.
[25] Matsui M, Okuma Y, Yamanaka J, et al. Kawasaki disease refractory to standard treatments that responds to a combination of pulsed methylprednisolone and plasma exchange: Cytokine profiling and literature review. Cytokine. 2015.
[26] Ko TM, Kuo HC, Chang JS, et al. CXCL10/IP-10 is a biomarker and mediator for Kawasaki disease. Circulation research. 2015; 116(5):876-83.
[27] Choi IH, Chwae YJ, Shim WS, et al. Clonal expansion of CD8+ T cells in Kawasaki disease. Journal of immunology. 1997; 159(1):481-6.
[28] Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Spike BT, et al. Oligoclonal IgA response in the vascular wall in acute Kawasaki disease. Journal of immunology. 2001; 166(2):1334-43.
[29] Lee HH, Park IH, Shin JS, et al. Immunoglobulin V(H) chain gene analysis of peripheral blood IgM-producing B cells in patients with Kawasaki disease. Yonsei medical journal. 2009; 50(4):493-504.
[30] Rowley AH, Shulman ST, Garcia FL, et al. Cloning the arterial IgA antibody response during acute Kawasaki disease. Journal of immunology. 2005; 175(12):8386-91.
[31] Shulman ST, Rowley AH. Kawasaki disease: insights into pathogenesis and approaches to treatment. Nature reviews Rheumatology. 2015.
[32] Melish ME. Kawasaki syndrome: a new infectious disease? The Journal of infectious diseases. 1981; 143(3):317-24.
[33] Rowley AH. Finding the cause of Kawasaki disease: a pediatric infectious diseases research priority. The Journal of infectious diseases. 2006; 194(12):1635-7.
[34] Kuijpers TW, Wiegman A, van Lier RA, et al. Kawasaki disease: a maturational defect in immune responsiveness. The Journal of infectious diseases. 1999; 180(6):1869-77.
[35] Rowley AH. Kawasaki disease: novel insights into etiology and genetic susceptibility. Annual review of medicine. 2011; 62:69-77.
[36] Burns JC, Herzog L, Fabri O, et al. Seasonality of Kawasaki disease: a global perspective. PloS one. 2013; 8(9):e74529.
[37] Harnden A, Mayon-White R, Perera R, et al. Kawasaki disease in England: ethnicity, deprivation, and respiratory pathogens. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2009; 28(1):21-4.
[38] Rodo X, Ballester J, Cayan D, et al. Association of Kawasaki disease with tropospheric wind patterns. Scientific reports. 2011; 1:152.
[39] Onouchi Y, Gunji T, Burns JC, et al. ITPKC functional polymorphism associated with Kawasaki disease susceptibility and formation of coronary artery aneurysms. Nature genetics. 2008; 40(1):35-42.
[40] Onouchi Y, Tamari M, Takahashi A, et al. A genomewide linkage analysis of Kawasaki disease: evidence for linkage to chromosome 12. Journal of human genetics. 2007; 52(2):179-90.
[41] Holman RC, Curns AT, Belay ED, et al. Kawasaki syndrome in Hawaii. The Pediatric infectious disease journal. 2005; 24(5):429-33.
[42] Laupland KB, Dele Davies H. Epidemiology, etiology, and management of Kawasaki disease: state of the art. Pediatric cardiology. 1999; 20(3):177-83.
[43] Dean AG, Melish ME, Hicks R, et al. An epidemic of Kawasaki syndrome in Hawaii. The Journal of pediatrics. 1982; 100(4):552-7.
[44] Uehara R, Belay ED. Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease in Asia, Europe, and the United States. Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association. 2012; 22(2):79-85.
[45] Uehara R, Yashiro M, Nakamura Y, et al. Kawasaki disease in parents and children. Acta Paediatr. 2003; 92(6):694-7.
[46] Fujita Y, Nakamura Y, Sakata K, et al. Kawasaki Disease in Families. Pediatrics. 1989; 84(4):666-9.
[47] Park YW, Han JW, Park IS, et al. Kawasaki disease in Korea, 2003-2005. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2007; 26(9):821-3.
[48] Burns JC, Glode MP. Kawasaki syndrome. Lancet. 2004; 364(9433):533-44.
[49] Onouchi Y. Molecular genetics of Kawasaki disease. Pediatric research. 2009; 65(5 Pt 2):46R-54R.
[50] Burgner D, Davila S, Breunis WB, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies novel and functionally related susceptibility Loci for Kawasaki disease. PLoS genetics. 2009; 5(1):e1000319.
[51] Tsai FJ, Lee YC, Chang JS, et al. Identification of novel susceptibility Loci for kawasaki disease in a Han chinese population by a genome-wide association study. PloS one. 2011; 6(2):e16853.
[52] Lee YC, Kuo HC, Chang JS, et al. Two new susceptibility loci for Kawasaki disease identified through genome-wide association analysis. Nature genetics. 2012; 44(5):522-5.
[53] Khor CC, Davila S, Breunis WB, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies FCGR2A as a susceptibility locus for Kawasaki disease. Nature genetics. 2011; 43(12):1241-6.
[54] Newburger JW, Takahashi M, Gerber MA, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: a statement for health professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, American Heart Association. Circulation. 2004; 110(17):2747-71.
[55] Mearns BM. Coronary artery disease: Consider Kawasaki disease when assessing myocardial ischemia. Nature reviews Cardiology. 2012; 9(7):375.
[56] Dahdah N, Siles A, Fournier A, et al. Natriuretic peptide as an adjunctive diagnostic test in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. Pediatric cardiology. 2009; 30(6):810-7.
[57] Chaiyarak K, Durongpisitkul K, Atta T, et al. Clinical manifestations of Kawasaki disease: what are the significant parameters? Asian Pacific journal of allergy and immunology / launched by the Allergy and Immunology Society of Thailand. 2009; 27(2-3):131-6.
[58] Ye Q, Shao WX, Shang SQ, et al. Value of the N-terminal of prohormone brain natriuretic peptide in diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. International journal of cardiology. 2015; 178:5-7.
[59] Kentsis A, Shulman A, Ahmed S, et al. Urine proteomics for discovery of improved diagnostic markers of Kawasaki disease. EMBO molecular medicine. 2013; 5(2):210-20.