Pathways to yawning: making sense of the Thompson cortisol hypothesis
Main Article Content
Abstract
Yawning apparatus and the exact location of the yawn reflex remains controversial. Yet yawning is a significant behavioural response that may potentially be a new diagnostic marker of neurological disease such as multiple sclerosis. Evidence of brain cooling following yawning supports the Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis which postulates the association between cortisol, electrical nerve activity and yawning within the known stress-response system, the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal-axis. Changes in cortisol levels are important because they present as a new potential diagnostic tool in the early diagnosis of neurological symptoms.
Article Details
How to Cite
THOMPSON, Simon B. N..
Pathways to yawning: making sense of the Thompson cortisol hypothesis.
Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], n. 3, june 2015.
ISSN 2375-1924.
Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/135>. Date accessed: 24 apr. 2024.
Keywords
Biomarker; Cortisol; Diagnosis; Neurological disorder; Pathways; Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis; Yawning
Issue
Section
Research Articles
The Medical Research Archives grants authors the right to publish and reproduce the unrevised contribution in whole or in part at any time and in any form for any scholarly non-commercial purpose with the condition that all publications of the contribution include a full citation to the journal as published by the Medical Research Archives.
References
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THOMPSON, S. B. N. 2014a. Yawning, fatigue and cortisol: expanding the Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses, 83:4,494-496, doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.08.009.
THOMPSON, S. B. N. 2014b. This will make you yawn. New Scientist, 224:3000/3001,38-39.
THOMPSON, S. B. N. & BISHOP, P. 2012. Born to yawn? Understanding yawning as a warning of the rise in cortisol levels: randomized trial. Interactive Journal of Medical Research, 1:2,e4,1-9, doi: 10.2196/ijmr.2241.
THOMPSON, S. B. N., FRANKHAM, C. & BISHOP, P. 2014. The art of capturing a yawn using the science of nerve impulses and cortisol levels in a randomized controlled trial. Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis as a potential predictor of neurological impairment. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 7:3,529-543, doi: http://www.universitypublications.net/ijas/0703/pdf/V4Z77.pdf
THOMPSON, S. B. N., ROSE, K. & RICHER, S. 2014. Yawning with cortisol: examining the neuroscience behind the Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis for supporting rehabilitation of neurologically impaired individuals. Journal of Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, 1:1,1-11, doi: 2014.01.01/2374-9091: SS0003.
WALUSINSKI, O., NEAU, J-P. & BOUSSLAVSKY, J. 2010. Hand up! Yawn and raise your arm. International Journal of Stroke, 5:21-27.
WIMALARATNA, H. S. K. & CAPILDEO, R. 1988. Is yawning a brain stem phenomenon? Lancet, 331:8580,300.
VIGIER, M. J. (translated by). 1620. Les aphorismes d’Hippocrate. Lyon, J-A. Huguetan.
FLEMING, W. E. & POLLAK, C. P. 2005. Sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis. Seminars in Neurology, 25:64-68.
GALLUP, A. C. & GALLUP, Jr. G. G. 2007. Yawning as a brain cooling mechanism: Nasal breathing and forehead cooling diminish the incidence of contagious yawning. Evolutionary Psychology, 5:1,92-101.
GIGANTI, F., HAYES, M. J., CIONI, G. & SALZARULO, P. 2007. Yawning frequency and distribution in preterm and near term infants assessed throughout 24-h recordings. Infant Behavior & Development, 30:641-647.
KIMIKO, A., WEISZ, S., DUNN, R., DI GIOACCHINO, M., NYENTAP, J., STANBOULY, S., THEURER, J., BUREAU, Y., AFFOO, R. & MARTIN, R. 2014. Occurrences of yawn and swallow are temporally related. Dysphagia, doi:10.1007/s00455-014-9573-2.
KRESTEL, H., WEISSTANNER, C., HESS, C., BASSETTI, C. & NIRKKO, a. & WIEST, R. 2013. Insular and caudate lesions release abnormal yawning in stroke patients. Brain Structure & Function, doi 10.1007/s00429-013-0684-6.
NORSCIA, I & PALAGI, E. 2011. Yawn contagion and empathy in Homo sapiens. PLoS One, 6:e28472.
PÉRIN, B., GOGEFROY, O., FALL, S. & DE MARCO, G. 2010. Aletrness in young healthy subjects: an fMRI study of brain region interactivity enhanced by a warning signal. Brain & Cognition, 72:271-281.
PLATEK, S. M., CRITTON, S. R., MYERS, T. E. & GALLUP, G. G. 2003. Contagious yawning: the role of self-awareness and mental state attribution. Cognitive Brain Research, 17:2,223-227.
PRASAD, H. 2008. Yawning … and why yawns are contagious: a theory on evolution and atavism. Medical Hypotheses, 71:2,307-325.
PROVINE, R. 2012. Curious behavior: yawning, laughing, hiccupping and beyond. 31-32. Belknap, New York.
REISSLAND, N., FRANCIS, B. & MASON, J. 2012. Development of fetal yawn compared with non-yawn mouth openings from 24-36 weeks gestation. PloS ONE, Nov21, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050569.
SARNECKI, J. 2008. Content and contagion in yawning. Philosophical Psychology, 21:6,721-737.
THOMPSON, S. B. N. 2010. The dawn of the yawn: is yawning a warning? Linking neurological disorders. Medical Hypotheses, 75:630-633.
THOMPSON, S. B. N. 2013. How to catch a yawn: initial observations of a randomized controlled trial. Neurology, 4:8,1-8,doi: WMC004371.
THOMPSON, S. B. N. 2014a. Yawning, fatigue and cortisol: expanding the Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses, 83:4,494-496, doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.08.009.
THOMPSON, S. B. N. 2014b. This will make you yawn. New Scientist, 224:3000/3001,38-39.
THOMPSON, S. B. N. & BISHOP, P. 2012. Born to yawn? Understanding yawning as a warning of the rise in cortisol levels: randomized trial. Interactive Journal of Medical Research, 1:2,e4,1-9, doi: 10.2196/ijmr.2241.
THOMPSON, S. B. N., FRANKHAM, C. & BISHOP, P. 2014. The art of capturing a yawn using the science of nerve impulses and cortisol levels in a randomized controlled trial. Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis as a potential predictor of neurological impairment. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 7:3,529-543, doi: http://www.universitypublications.net/ijas/0703/pdf/V4Z77.pdf
THOMPSON, S. B. N., ROSE, K. & RICHER, S. 2014. Yawning with cortisol: examining the neuroscience behind the Thompson Cortisol Hypothesis for supporting rehabilitation of neurologically impaired individuals. Journal of Neuroscience & Rehabilitation, 1:1,1-11, doi: 2014.01.01/2374-9091: SS0003.
WALUSINSKI, O., NEAU, J-P. & BOUSSLAVSKY, J. 2010. Hand up! Yawn and raise your arm. International Journal of Stroke, 5:21-27.
WIMALARATNA, H. S. K. & CAPILDEO, R. 1988. Is yawning a brain stem phenomenon? Lancet, 331:8580,300.
VIGIER, M. J. (translated by). 1620. Les aphorismes d’Hippocrate. Lyon, J-A. Huguetan.